5 Things to Know Before Buying Hospital Bed Casters

24 Mar.,2025

 

What to Know When Buying Casters - Monroe Engineering

There are only two reasons why one would ask how to buy a caster. The first is if you are holding a worn out one in your hand. The second is if you are a manufacturer incorporating a caster in your product. Either way you want to know some caster buying basics.

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Caster Basics.

The modern caster allows heavy items to be rolled easily in tight or limited spaces. Casters allow 360 degrees of motion in any direction with a minimum of force. They are on furniture, grocery carts, hospital beds, and many industrial material handling products.They are an Industrial commodity. Because of this they are typically produced in automated Manufacturing plants at high speed to lower their cost. Like all Industrial commodities there are multinational sources of supply. The caster at the hardware store could have been made in any number of countries.

If you are replacing a bad caster then it best be on a high-volume standard item like a grocery cart or piece of furniture. If it is older or was a custom caster, then you may want to replace all the casters with the closest available choice. In any case a trip to your Hardware store, Industrial supply store, or an online search are your choices. Somewhere on that caster may be the info you need to find it, in the form of a logo or part number. If you cannot find that then you go looking for the application, like 'Industrial cart caster' google away!

If you are including casters in your manufactured part the dynamics are much different. You will likely be talking to an industrial distributor of 'Material Handling' products, of which casters are a major driver. If you are buying hundreds of thousands of casters, you may still best be served by the distributor with multiple options in sources. Most high-volume casters are not sold directly by the manufacturer. They are sold by distributors or industrial supply houses. In high volumes you need to bypass the Industrial distribution retailer's and get the product where they do''..The stock and sell distributor. They will offer multiple lines at multiple quality levels and price points. Retailers like Grainger or Fastenal are not set up to be competitive in very high volumes. Here is what your Caster partner needs to know when you call.

  • What is the casters application

This will save a lot of time because caster designs have evolved to suit the needs of different Industries. You say hospital equipment and it means one thing, say grocery cart or office chair and it means another. There are so many choices and so much data available that using the supplier as a reference point will always pay a dividend. If you are going to search online be ready to have a lot of choices because a search for 'luggage casters' will get 7,000,000 hits. Your distributor can save you a lot of time with input like 'We need casters for our new Intra oral camera cart for use in dentist offices'

  • What is the casters function

There are two types of basic caster. The fixed caster and the swivel caster. They can be used together or separately depending on the application. Your office chair may use 4 swivel casters or a grocery cart two of each. Some casters come with features like brakes to hold them stationary. The service carts on airplanes has this feature. Be prepared to tell your partner what the caster does

Speccing a Caster

Type: Fixed/Swivel/Brake

Casters are made in many styles and many materials and the combination can literally result in thousands of choices. The basics of speccing out a caster must include:

Weight rating: Ranges from light duty to heavy duty Industrial

Mounting style: varies from a post or stem going in a socket to heavy duty bolts.

Wheel size: always measured in outside diameter

Material: This includes the frame, the wheel, the tire, and other hardware. Rubber for tires is measured by durometer, which is related to wear resistance.

So, your spec requirement might be to look for 'A fixed heavy-duty Industrial caster with a steel Bolt on frame holding a 5-inch aluminum wheel with a high durometer rubber tire and a weight rating of 750 lbs.'. Search that on the internet and as specific as it is it will still get you thousands of choices. That is why Industrial Distributors like Monroe Engineering exist. There are just so many choices that 'an expert' comes in handy.

Common Caster Terms

Like many Industrial products caster parts and their description are a mish mash of language that has evolved over time. Here are illustrations and the nomenclature related to each part of a caster.

Vehicle: This is what the caster is mounted to and enables movement of. The 'vehicle can be a chair, a bed, an industrial cart. The largest vehicle to use a caster that I know of was the B-29 Bomber, its nose wheel was a caster!

Swivel Radius / Offset / Lead / Trailing distance: All these terms refer to the secret sauce that makes swivel casters special. By offsetting the axis of rotation from the center of the axle the wheel is always seeking to follow that 'lead' by pivoting and following the direction of any force on it. (see how casters work). The distance between the axes of rotation and the center of the axle is described by all the above phrases. That distance is variable, and the design of each caster is a compromise of strength and utility that has evolved over time with practical use. It may not be a common term in ordering a caster but will become a topic if you are having some issues with a caster in use.

Bolt hole Spacing: Heavy duty casters are typically bolted on to the 'vehicle'. The top of the caster frame will have 4 holes. Of course, the hole pattern on the caster must match the hole pattern on the vehicle.

Swivel Bearing: The ability to pivot or rotate a caster 360 degrees is what makes it work. This pivoting action must be smooth and offer the least resistance possible. If the caster does not pivot it does not work. Failure or wear of the swivel bearing is the cause of many caster problems. Nearly every type of bearing is used but most are the 'roller' style. These use ball bearings inside a 'race'. Most are dry, but heavy-duty applications can require grease or lubrication.

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Caster Size: this refers to the diameter of the wheel only, to include the tire if the caster Has one mounted to the wheel.

Top Mounting Surface: this is the part of the caster that fits flush to the underside of the 'vehicle'. If the caster is mounted using a stem the top mounting surface is NOT, the top of the stem.

Overall Height / Load Height: The distance from the top mounting surface to the bottom of the wheel.

Stem / Spindle: Light duty casters are installed by having a stem that is pushed into a matching socket on the Vehicle. The diameter of the stem and socket must match, and the diameter and length of the stem determine its strength.

Durometer: For casters with rubber tires the durometer is the measure of the wear resistance of the rubber. Low durometer is quiet and creates a rapid responding caster for smooth surfaces. High durometer transmits more of any floor imperfection into the 'ride quality' of the vehicle but wears much better. Hospital rubber wheels would have a low durometer. Industrial casters a high durometer.

Fixed caster: this is a wheel mounted to a frame that does not swivel or rotate.

Swivel caster: this caster pivots with force to go any direction.

Brake Caster: this caster has a mechanical lock that fixes it in position. The airline drink cart is a good example.

Axle shaft / Axle bearing: All casters include a frame and an axle which retains the wheel and allows it to roll. The wheel must roll easily for casters to work as the rolling resistance must be less than the force exerted on the side of the caster when pushed in a different direction than it is facing. If the wheel does not spin, then the caster will not pivot and will slide across the floor. A worn axle or axle bearing is a common cause of caster failure.

Fork: This is the part of the caster frame that holds the wheel in place. A curved fork is often used to hold the wheel at the correct 'trail' or 'offset' to enable the caster to do its job.

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Why Bed Castors Matter: A Practical Guide for Buyers - Techin

1. Introduction

Moving a heavy bed can be a real pain, especially if you're worried about damaging your floors or if it's just plain hard to do. Bed casters are the answer. They make it easy to move your bed, protect your floors, and keep your bed stable. But they're not just functional. Vintage bed casters, for example, look cool and add a nice decorative touch. That's why they're so popular with people who care about design.

In this guide, I'll show you how to choose, install, and take care of bed casters.

2. What Are Bed Castors?

Bed casters are wheels that you put on your bed frame. They make it easier to move your bed, protect your floors, and keep your bed stable. Bed casters are small, strong wheels that are made just for beds. They're usually made to last a long time, and some of them even have brakes. Bed casters are different from regular wheels because they're made to hold up heavy beds and keep you safe.

3. Types of Bed Castors

3.1 Roller Wheel Bed Castors

  • The most common type, featuring a single roller wheel for straightforward movement.
  • Ideal for lightweight to medium-weight beds and works well on hard floors like tile or hardwood.
  • Affordable and easy to install, making them a popular choice for standard bed frames.

3.2 Twin Wheel Bed Castors

  • Feature two wheels that distribute weight evenly, reducing stress on flooring and enhancing durability.
  • Excellent for heavier beds like king or queen-sized frames, ensuring stability and smooth mobility.
  • Ideal for a range of floor types, including both carpets and hard floors.

3.3 Ball Bed Castors

  • Designed with a spherical wheel that enables smooth, multidirectional movement.
  • A great option for tight spaces where precise maneuvering is required, such as studio apartments or compact bedrooms.
  • Often paired with modern or minimalist bed frames for both functionality and style.

3.4 Vintage Bed Castors

  • Combine functionality with decorative appeal, often featuring ornate designs or unique materials like brass or wood.
  • Perfect for antique or vintage-style bed frames, adding a touch of elegance to traditional or rustic decor.
  • Typically better suited for lighter beds or beds used primarily for aesthetic purposes, as they may lack the durability of modern castors.

4. Advantages of Bed Castors

Bed castors provide a range of benefits that enhance both functionality and convenience. Here's why they're an essential addition to any bed frame:

4.1 Enhanced Mobility

  • Bed castors make it easy to move even the heaviest beds. Whether you're cleaning, rearranging your space, or accessing storage, castors allow for smooth, hassle-free movement.
  • This mobility is particularly helpful in multi-functional spaces, such as studio apartments or guest rooms.

4.2 Floor Protection

  • Unlike dragging furniture, which can cause scratches or gouges, castors are designed to glide across surfaces without damaging them.
  • Materials like rubber and polyurethane are gentle on delicate flooring, while hard nylon is effective for soft surfaces like carpets.

4.3 Effortless Cleaning Access

  • Cleaning under a bed can be tedious without mobility. Castors allow you to quickly roll the bed aside, providing easy access for vacuuming or sweeping.

4.4 Stability and Safety

  • Many bed castors feature locking mechanisms to keep the bed securely in place when not in use. This is especially useful in households with children, pets, or uneven flooring.

4.5 Aesthetic Appeal

  • Vintage bed castors provide more than just utility, offering an elegant touch to bedroom decor. Their intricate designs can elevate the look of traditional or rustic spaces.

4.6 Versatility for Different Environments

  • Bed castors can be customized for specific needs, such as soft surfaces, hard floors, or mixed environments. This makes them ideal for residential, commercial, and hospitality settings.

4.7 Increased Bed Longevity

  • The reduced strain on a bed's frame and legs'thanks to the smooth rolling action of castors'can help preserve the structural integrity of the furniture.

5. Why Bed Castors Outperform Alternatives

Bed castors are often compared to alternative solutions like stationary legs, glides, or general-purpose casters. Here's why they stand out:

5.1 Purpose-Built for Beds

  • Unlike general-purpose casters, bed castors are engineered specifically for the weight, size, and use of beds. They handle heavier loads without compromising stability, making them a superior choice for this application.

5.2 Optimized Design for Stability

  • While furniture glides are static and prone to slipping, bed castors feature locking mechanisms that keep the bed stationary when required. This is crucial for safety and comfort, especially in adjustable or hospital-style beds.

5.3 Compatibility with Flooring Types

  • Glides and stationary legs often perform poorly on carpets or soft floors, where they can snag or sink. In contrast, bed castors are versatile, offering materials like rubber for hard floors and nylon or metal for carpets.

5.4 Ease of Movement Without Damage

  • Moving furniture with stationary legs or glides often risks scratching or denting floors. Bed castors reduce this risk by providing smooth, rolling mobility tailored to floor types.

5.5 Added Safety Features

  • Alternatives like glides or standard legs lack the safety features offered by bed castors. For example, locking mechanisms on castors ensure the bed remains stationary, preventing movement during use'a feature that's especially important for homes with children or in professional settings like hotels.

6. Common Materials Used in Bed Castors

6.1 For Hard Floors (e.g., Hardwood, Tile, Laminate)

  • Rubber: Soft, non-marking, and noise-dampening. Best for delicate surfaces.
  • Polyurethane: Durable and versatile, resistant to wear and chemicals.
  • Soft Nylon: A budget-friendly choice, though less protective than rubber.

6.2 For Soft Surfaces (e.g., Carpet, Rugs)

  • Metal (Chrome/Steel): Ensures smooth rolling on carpets, resistant to sinking into fibers.
  • Hard Nylon/Polypropylene: Lightweight and durable, ideal for low-pile carpets.

7. Factors to Consider When Selecting Bed Castors

Choosing the right bed castors involves evaluating both external conditions (like flooring) and the specific features of the castors themselves. Here are the key factors to consider:

7.1 Floor Type

  • Hard Floors (e.g., hardwood, tiles): Use rubber or polyurethane castors. These materials prevent scratches, reduce noise, and glide smoothly without damaging surfaces.
  • Soft Floors (e.g., carpets, rugs): Choose hard nylon, metal, or twin-wheel castors that won't sink into carpet fibers or cause drag.

7.2 Bed Weight and Load Capacity

  • Beds vary in size and weight. Heavier beds (like king-size or those with storage) require castors with high load capacities.
  • For lighter beds or decorative pieces, vintage castors may suffice, balancing functionality with style.
  • Always check the manufacturer's specifications to ensure the castors can support the total weight.

7.3 Locking Mechanisms

  • Lockable castors are essential for added safety, especially in homes with children or on sloped or uneven floors.
  • This feature helps keep the bed stationary when needed.

7.4 Wheel Size and Material

  • Larger wheels are better for heavier beds or uneven surfaces, offering easier movement and reduced pressure on the floor.
  • Materials like rubber work well for floor protection, while metal or nylon is ideal for high durability.
  • For antique or vintage-style bed frames, vintage bed castors enhance the overall look of the furniture. Choose materials like brass, wood, or aged metal for authenticity.

7.5 Ease of Replacement

  • Consider castors that are easy to replace or upgrade. Standard sizes and fittings make future replacements straightforward.

8. How to Install Bed Castors: A Step-by-Step Guide

Installing bed castors is straightforward and requires minimal tools. Follow these steps:

  • You'll need a wrench, screwdriver, or socket tool (depending on the castor fittings).

8.2 Remove the Old Castors (if applicable)

  • Turn the bed frame upside down or lift one side carefully.
  • Unscrew and remove the existing castors or gliders, ensuring the mounting holes are clean and free of debris.

8.3 Prepare the New Castors

  • Check that the new castors match the size and type of fittings (e.g., bolt-hole or stem).
  • If the castors have screws or bolts, ensure you have the correct size.

8.4 Insert or Attach New Castors

  • Push the castor stem into the socket or secure the base plate with screws. Ensure the castor fits snugly and is properly aligned.

8.5 Tighten the Fittings

  • Use the appropriate tool to tighten the screws or bolts securely. Avoid over-tightening, as this may damage the frame or castors.

8.6 Test the Mobility and Locks

  • Roll the bed to ensure all castors move smoothly. If locking castors are installed, engage the locks to confirm functionality.

8.7 Inspect for Stability

  • Check that the bed is level and stable on the floor. Adjust or reposition the castors if necessary.

9. Tips for Maintaining Bed Castors

Regular maintenance of your bed castors ensures smooth functionality and extends their lifespan. Here's how to keep them in top shape:

Contact us to discuss your requirements of Hospital Bed Casters. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

9.1 Clean Regularly

  • Dust and debris can accumulate in the wheels, causing them to jam or become less efficient. Use a cloth or vacuum cleaner to clean around the castors every few weeks.

9.2 Lubricate Moving Parts

  • Apply a small amount of grease or lubricant to metal components and bearings to reduce friction and ensure smooth movement. Avoid over-lubrication, as this can attract dust.

9.3 Inspect for Wear and Tear

  • Check the wheels, sockets, and fittings for cracks, dents, or loose screws. Replace any damaged castors promptly to avoid uneven movement or damage to floors.

9.4 Tighten Fittings

  • Over time, screws and bolts may loosen. Periodically check and tighten them to ensure the castors remain securely attached to the bed frame.

9.5 Replace When Necessary

  • If the wheels become stiff, damaged, or no longer roll smoothly, replace them with a similar size and type to maintain bed mobility and safety.

10. Conclusion