Do you know the best fork position on your forklift? Knowing the correct answer may seem insignificant, but it is a skill that requires education of the operator as well as enforcement of the rules. It reduces accidents, but more importantly reduces the severity of injuries when accidents do happen.
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Due to the operator&#;s reaction time and weight of the forklift, manufacturers estimate it takes 15-20 feet for a fully loaded forklift to stop from full speed.
A properly trained operator will carry his forks or load 4-6 inches off the ground. This position is high enough to reduce contact with dock plates, expansion joints in concrete, uneven areas, slight slopes, inclines and debris on operating surfaces. At 4-6 inches the forks or load is low enough that if you hit a pedestrian, the severity of the injury is limited. [Note: If you are operating on rough surfaces, the height may need to increase slightly.]
As an example, if a pedestrian steps out 6 feet in front of an operator with the forks or load carried too high, the pedestrian could be knocked down and dragged underneath the load against rotating tires for up to 10 feet of travel. The chance of survival is very slim.
Per OSHA regulations, always tilt forks back when carrying a load. While different loads require unique angles, a slight tilt is all that is needed on most lift trucks to help retain loads when a fast stop is required. Unstable, round, liquid or loose stacked loads may require higher degrees of tilt back.
Forks on the ground are a trip hazard. However, if the forks are on the ground, you get an opportunity to lift your foot as you trip to recover balance. If a fork tip or heel is left up, a pedestrian stepping over can hook her foot underneath and fall. This is referred to as a &#;hook fall&#;. Hook falls are dangerous because the foot can&#;t move and full body weight pulls on the foot during the fall. The usual result is broken bones in the foot, ankle or leg.
To achieve a safe &#;parked&#; fork position, an operator lowers the forks completely with the mast vertical. The mast is then tilted slightly forward until the fork tips touch the floor, preventing a pedestrian&#;s hook fall.
Help limit the damage that can occur at your warehouse. Commit to knowing, following and enforcing the best positions for your forklift&#;s forks.
Have additional questions about forklift safety? ProLift offers classroom and hands-on evaluation on the topics of forklifts, aerial lifts and skid steers. Contact our safety specialist to schedule training!
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Wondering how high should a load be carried on a forklift?
Then you&#;re in the right place.
We&#;ll answer that question in this article, as well as address:
Let&#;s dive in!
Quick Summary
Don&#;t have time to read the whole article? Here&#;s a quick summary of the main points:
Prepare your load before lifting it. This includes banding/wrapping any unsecured items and ensuring you&#;re not exceeding the weight capacity of your forklift.
Driving a
loaded
forklift on a ramp
requires certain precautions, including
keeping the load upgrade
and always looking in the direction of travel.
Lowering a load should consist of carefully approaching the deposit location, tilting the mast to a vertical position, and carefully lowering the load to deposit it
.Let&#;s answer this question immediately&#;
When traveling with a load, the load should be lifted 4 to 6 inches off the ground.
Why It&#;s Important to Carry a Load on Your Forks at a Certain HeightWhen using industrial forklifts, the load must be at the lowest position for traveling.
But why exactly?
We&#;ve covered this in more detail in our Forklift Weight Capacity post.
But let&#;s briefly explain 3 key reasons why it&#;s important.
A forklift is less stable with a raised load because of the movement of the center of gravity.
When a forklift is loaded, what happens to the center of gravity?
It shifts forward towards the front axle and upwards toward the overhead guard.
The higher you raise the load, the more the center of gravity shifts.
And once it moves outside the &#;stability triangle,&#; there&#;s a risk of tipping the truck over.
So, keeping the load lower helps keep the center of gravity within the zone of stability.
For one, carrying your forklift load 4 to 6 inches off the ground helps to avoid hitting obstacles on the ground.
This includes expansion joints in concrete, uneven areas, slight slopes, debris, or even dock plates.
Additionally, it helps reduce collisions with obstructions.
Examples include products, infrastructure, humans, and other lift trucks in the area.
If the forklift is unloaded, you still want to drive it with the forks off the ground.
This is so you don&#;t drag the forks, which can wear them out.
Wearing out your forklift&#;s forks decreases the load capacity, usually by around 20% for every 10% fork wear.
Ultimately, this will prove costly since you&#;ll have to replace the forks more frequently.
Understanding Forklift Load Capacity
Load capacity refers to the maximum weight a forklift can safely lift and carry. This capacity is determined by the forklift&#;s design, including its weight, structure, and stability. Exceeding this limit can compromise the forklift&#;s stability and safety, leading to potential accidents or equipment damage.
Check the Data plate: Every forklift has a data plate, usually found on the frame or mast. This plate provides crucial information, including the maximum load capacity and the load center (distance from the forks to the center of the load).
Consider Load Center: The load center is the distance from the vertical face of the forks to the center of gravity of the load. The load capacity specified on the nameplate is based on a standard load center, often 24 inches. If the load center is greater, the forklift&#;s capacity decreases.
Account for Attachments: If you&#;re using attachments or forks that are different from the standard ones, they can affect the load capacity. Always consult the manufacturer&#;s guidelines for capacity adjustments when using attachments.
Know Your Forklift&#;s Limits: Familiarize yourself with your forklift&#;s load capacity and never exceed it. Overloading can cause the forklift to tip over, affect its stability, and increase the risk of accidents.
Secure Loads Properly: Ensure loads are properly secured and evenly distributed on the forks. An uneven or unsecured load can shift and cause the forklift to become unstable.
Regular Inspections: Perform regular maintenance and safety checks on your forklift. Ensure that all components, including the mast and forks, are in good condition and capable of handling the expected loads.
Increased Risk of Tip-Overs: Overloading shifts the forklift&#;s center of gravity, making it more likely to tip over, especially during turns or on uneven ground.
Equipment Damage: Excessive weight can cause premature wear and tear on the forklift, leading to costly repairs and reduced operational efficiency.
Safety Hazards: An overloaded forklift is a significant safety risk to forklift operators, other workers, and nearby equipment. Failure to follow this forklift safety standard can lead to accidents, injuries, and damage to property.
The topic of this article is: &#;How high should you carry a load on a forklift?&#;
But this is part of a broader discussion on proper forklift operation.
This includes topics like:
Preparing forklift loads
Lifting loads
Traveling with loads
Lowering loads
Let&#;s go through the risks and procedures for each of these activities.
Properly preparing a load before lifting is crucial for preventing hazards and improving safety.
If you don&#;t properly prepare loads before lifting them, you run many risks, including:
Tip-overs. Uneven loads can affect the forklift&#;s stability and cause it to overturn
Injury to pedestrians. Unsecured loads can fall and strike pedestrians
Damage to product and infrastructure. A falling load can also damage the product itself. Furthermore, it can cause damage to equipment and infrastructure like pallet racking
OSHA recommends the following practices for preparing a load:
Safely arrange and secure the load. Do not carry loose products &#; use banding or wrapping to secure them
Center the load. If handling an off-center load that cannot be centered, load the forklift with the heaviest side of the load near the front axle
Do not overload. Refer to your forklift&#;s nameplate for the rated capacity and never exceed it
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Abide by the rated load center. Your forklift&#;s nameplate will also show the rated load center. Even if the load is within the rated weight capacity, exceeding the specified load center can unbalance the forklift
OSHA says that if the load can fall on the operator, the forklift needs a load backrest.
But if the load doesn&#;t present a danger to the forklift operator, you don&#;t need one.
Once you&#;ve properly prepared your load, you&#;re ready to lift it.
But not before understanding exactly how to properly and safely do so.
What should you check before lifting a load? The following:
Clearance for overhead obstructions. Be careful not to strike or get your load caught on sprinkler systems, overhead doors, or in pallet racking while lifting.
Load stability. You should&#;ve already secured any loose items in your load. But also make sure that the load itself is secure on the forks or attachment so it doesn&#;t fall off.
OSHA&#;s recommended practices and requirements when lifting loads with a forklift are:
Ensure your forks are level. Before inserting them into a pallet, ensure your forks are at a 90° angle.
Space your forks properly. When picking up a load, the forks should be inserted at least 2/3 of the load length. How far apart should forks be spaced? Adjust the forks as wide as possible to provide a more even weight distribution.
Check the headroom. Ensure adequate overhead clearance, especially when in a confined space or using a high-lifting truck.
Lift to the proper height. Lift the load slightly above the lower stack to around 4 inches.
Tilt back slightly. When picking up a load, it should be tilted back slightly to allow the load to rest against the load backrest.
How do you know forks are level on a forklift?
The easiest way to tell is to use a forklift with a built-in fork leveling mechanism.
For example, take Toyota forklifts.
All you need to do to level the forks is press a button on the tilt lever while tilting the mast and it will automatically stop once it&#;s at 90°.
If your forklift lacks this feature, you can purchase a mast angle gauge.
This gauge displays the mast tilt degree.
To level the mast to 90°, check the gauge and adjust the angle until it reads 90°.
You may be wondering: Why do you have to tilt the mast?
Here&#;s the short answer&#;
When picking up a load the forks should be tilted to stabilize the load.
This is because tilting the mast backward shifts the combined center of gravity further within the forklift&#;s stability zone.
Tilting the forklift mast forward shifts the combined center of gravity closer to or outside the stability triangle, which can cause the forklift to tip over.
Therefore, you should never travel with the load in a forward-tilted position. Tilt the mast forward only when depositing a load, and always exercise extreme caution with any mast movements.
After lifting the load, you&#;ll need to transport it to your destination.
However, there are risks associated with traveling with a load on a forklift.
When traveling with a loaded forklift, you need to be aware of:
Tip-overs. Overturning can happen when taking sharp corners, driving too fast, or driving with the load too high.
Collisions with obstacles and pedestrians. This happens if the forklift operator isn&#;t paying close enough attention to the travel surface or is traveling too fast and can&#;t stop in time.
Falling loads. Excessive speed or inattentive driving can cause the load to come off the forks and injure pedestrians or damage infrastructure.
OSHA&#;s recommended practices and requirements for safe travel with a loaded forklift on level ground are:
Observe your surroundings. Before moving, look in all directions to confirm no obstructions above, below, or sideways.
Look in the direction of travel. If the load is blocking your view, it&#;s recommended to travel in reverse to keep a clear view.
Observe traffic regulations. This includes speed limits, maintaining a safe distance, and being cautious at intersections and blind spots.
Secure anything movable before you drive over it. Properly secure bridge plates and dock boards before driving over them. And never exceed their rated weight capacity.
For 2 reasons:
You now know the risks and precautions when driving a loaded forklift on even ground.
However, there are special considerations when driving a forklift on uneven ground, such as ramps, inclines, and slopes.
In general, you must take the following precautions when working with a lift truck on a slope:
Look in the direction of travel at all times.
Don&#;t turn on an incline &#; do so before reaching it.
Stay as far away from the edge of the incline as possible.
Check your fork truck&#;s grade ability rating before attempting to traverse an incline.
Here&#;s what else you need to know.
When traveling on a ramp on a forklift, the dangers include:
Tip-overs. Turning while on a slope or even a slight incline can cause the forklift to tip over.
Falling loads. Traversing an incline in the wrong direction can cause the load to come off the forks and strike pedestrians or infrastructure.
Always drive a loaded lift truck with the load-pointing upgrade.
That means when going up the slope, you should drive forward with the load pointed up the slope.
When traveling down a ramp or incline on a forklift, you should drive backward with the load pointed up the slope.
Additionally, you should look down the slope (i.e. behind you) when reversing down a slope.
Always drive an unloaded lift truck with the forks pointing downgrade.
This means when traveling up a ramp without a load, you should drive backward with the forks pointed down the slope and look in the travel direction.
When going down the slope, drive forward with the forks pointed down the slope.
When using a pallet jack on a ramp, you should travel with the forks pointed down the incline.
That&#;s regardless of which direction you&#;re traveling and whether or not you have a load.
Otherwise, you can have a runaway pallet jack that could crash into you or someone else.
You&#;re at your destination and ready to deposit the load.
How do you do it?
First, you&#;ll need to be aware of the risks involved with lowering the load.
While lowering a forklift load, potential hazards include:
Falling loads. Lowering improperly can cause the load to fall off the forks.
Crushing pedestrians. Lowering a load without paying close enough attention can crush nearby workers.
OSHA&#;s procedures for lowering a forklift load are:
Ensure the mast is tilted slightly backward. Carefully tilt the forklift&#;s mast to a backward position to stabilize the load.
Move toward the stack. Drive your lift truck 8 to 12 inches away from the stack.
Return the mast to the vertical position. Before lowing, tilt the mast until it&#;s 90° vertical.
Lower the load. 6 to 8 inches above the floor to ensure proper positioning.
Deposit the load. Fully lower the forks until the load is resting in the deposit position.
Conclusion
There you have it: Everything you need to know about how high to carry a load on a forklift. Remember to carry your forklift load 4 to 6 inches off the ground. This helps keep the forklift stable, avoids obstacles, and reduces fork wear. Always prepare loads properly, lift carefully, and drive safely.
By following these tips, you&#;ll ensure safe and efficient forklift use. For more details, check out our other resources. Stay safe!
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