When people hear the word "fan," many of them probably think of the ubiquitous electric fans and ventilation fans. These are also a type of fan, and their purpose is to lower the perceived temperature and ventilate. However, there are also fans that are useful in the world in ways that are not visible to the naked eye. These are fans that are installed in the devices and equipment around us, and are used to cool things and blow air.
In this section, we will learn the basic knowledge necessary to choose the best fan for your equipment.
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The role of fans
In recent years, our lives have become more and more convenient as the performance of devices improves. However, as the performance of devices improves, the internal integration of the devices also increases, and the amount of work and heat generated also increases. Just like humans, the more exercise we do, the hotter we become. If this heat is left unattended, the equipment will break down or its lifespan will be shortened. That is why fans are used to release the heat and lower the temperature.
In many cases, fans are installed in inconspicuous places and continue to cool the inside of devices without people knowing. They are the silent heroes that support our daily lives, out of sight.
In everyday life
For example, fans are used extensively in convenience stores, which we often use in our daily lives. First, there are ATMs, which have become commonplace in convenience stores. The control circuits inside ATMs are cooled by fans to prevent them from malfunctioning or breaking down due to heat. Fans are also used in cash registers (POS systems) and surveillance cameras for the same purpose. Next, fans inside copy machines are used not only to exhaust heat, but also to feed each sheet of paper with air and to dry printed ink. Fans are also used in showcases that hold food and drinks to circulate the air to ensure that there are no uneven temperatures inside.
As you can see, fans may seem very simple, but in fact there are many different types depending on the application, and they are quite complex. If not used properly, the fan's performance may not be fully utilized, and it may cause problems such as noise. Through this corner, let's learn about the features and performance of fans and become able to use them properly.
Supervised by: SANYO DENKI CO., LTD. Cooling System Design Department
release date: -12-05 00:00
Cincinnati Fan defines an industrial fan as a device that moves air and is made with heavy-duty materials and components. Other common terminology used to describe an industrial fan include centrifugal blower, exhaust blower, centrifugal fan, industrial cooling fan, axial flow fan, exhaust fan, ventilation fan, or impeller fan.
Industrial fans are designed to operate longer, supply greater airflow and pressure and meet more stringent environmental and ambient requirements compared to a general purpose or commercial HVAC fan. The heavy-duty materials and components used in an industrial fan may include thicker material gauges, larger shafts, bearings with increased bearing life, high-temperature features, and corrosion-resistant materials.
Unlike industrial fans, general purpose fans use less expensive materials and components and are designed for the residential or light-duty commercial markets. These fans are used in homes, appliances, and small ventilation systems. Cincinnati Fan does not manufacture any general purpose fans.
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The characteristics of the two types are as follows.
General Purpose Fans Industrial Fans Material Gauges: Light gauge sheet metal and plastic 10-gauge plate material; cast aluminum and stainless steel construction available Construction: Tabs and lock seams Continuous welds Bearings: Sleeve or strap type; short bearing life Ball or roller bearings in cast iron bearing housings for longer life Motors: Light-duty, sleeve bearings, no service factor, minimum design features, Open Drip Proof enclosure Continuous duty, ball bearings with service factors, special design features, generally TEFC or EXP enclosures Safety Factors: Slower wheel and shaft speeds Much higher wheel and shaft speeds Air Flow: Generally limited to 2,000 CFM or less From 200 to over 100,000 CFM Pressures: Generally .10&#; to 4.0&#; static pressures From .50&#; to over 100&#; static pressuresCincinnati Fan classifies our industrial air moving devices as either a fan or a blower. Additionally, depending on the way air is moved, it can be either centrifugal or axial.
If the device uses a type of wheel to move the air, it is typically referred to as centrifugal and can be a fan or blower. The air enters the fan wheel through the housing inlet, turns 90 degrees, and is accelerated radially before exiting the fan housing.
If the device uses a type of propeller to move the air, it is typically referred to as axial and is a fan. The propeller draws the air into it and discharges it in the same axial direction.
Centrifugal fans and blowers use a type of wheel to draw air into the inlet of the housing where it is then turned 90 degrees and accelerated radially before exiting the fan housing. Centrifugal blowers are designed to draw or push air at high pressures while centrifugal fans are designed to draw or push larger volumes of air at lower static pressures.
Axial fans use a type of propeller to draw the air into the fan and discharge it in the same axial direction. They are ideal for moving large volumes of air at low pressures. The most common types of industrial axial fans are tube fans (or duct fans), panel fans (or wall fans), personnel coolers, and air circulators.
Tube fans use a propeller, rotating in a round section of duct, which is mounted into ductwork of the same diameter to exhaust hot and/or contaminated air from a process or system. Tube fans can be direct drive with the propeller mounted directly on the motor shaft or belt drive with the propeller mounted on a separate fan shaft and driven by the motor through belts and sheaves. Other axial fans that incorporate the tube fan design are personnel coolers and air circulators. Panel fans use a propeller, rotating in a flat panel, which is mounted to a wall to exhaust air from a room or draw air into a room.
The term ventilation fan or exhaust fan is typically used to describe a fan that is used to exhaust contaminated, noxious or hot air away from workers and/or machinery. When the application doesn&#;t require long hose or duct runs, an axial fan is recommended, however, if the exhausted air needs to be moved a long distance through hose or duct work, a centrifugal blower is needed to supply the proper exhaust airflow at the higher static pressure required. The most common type of axial fan used for exhaust ventilation is a panel fan.
Maintaining a fresh air supply in work areas is essential for keeping workers healthy. If employees are exposed to amounts of contaminated air that exceed the levels permitted by US laws and regulations, their company is required to take immediate steps to remedy the matter. Just a few examples of work areas where contamination can be too high are spray painting areas or booths, abrasive blasting areas, grinding and polishing areas, welding areas, and dip tank areas.
The quantity of the supply air is determined by the physical size of the area to be ventilated. For a room, you would multiply the length times the width, times the height to determine the total cubic feet of the room. Divide the total cubic feet by a number of minutes per air change for the type of room you are ventilating. Your answer will be the CFM required to properly ventilate the room.
Volume of room (LxWxH)
&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; = CFM Required
No. of minutes per air change
A reference chart showing the average recommended air changes required for good ventilation, in different areas, can be found on page 8 of our Engineering Data catalog. However, this chart is a general guideline only. For specific requirements, contact an air quality engineer or agency trained in the requirements to avoid future problems. Two government agencies are NIOSH and OSHA.
Exhausting the air is only half the problem. When you exhaust the bad air, you must supply fresh replacement air. If you exhaust more air than you replace, you will cause the area to be under negative pressure, which is also unhealthy for workers over a prolonged period. Fresh air supply, or make-up air, is generally created with an air make-up system that includes a fan or blower, filters, shutters and dampers, heating or cooling coils, or both.
For information on how to select an industrial fan or blower, click here or download our Selecting a Fan or Blower manual.
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